_______ METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS, INC., ET AL., Petitioners, v. GROKSTER, LTD., ET AL., Respondents. _______ On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Point poster power template States Poster templates power point of Appeals for the Point poster power scientific template Circuit _______ BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE Point poster power scientific template RIGHTS OWNERS SUPPORTING PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI _______ Hank L. Goldsmith Christopher Wolf* Proskauer Point poster power scientific template LLP 1233 Point poster power template Street, N.W. Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 416-6800 Allen N. Dixon General Counsel Poster templates power point Federation Of The Point poster power scientific template Industry 54 Regent Street London W1B 5RE Point poster power template Kingdom 011 44 207 8787903
measure of what the DMCA defines as "copyright point poster power scientific template poster templates power point" cannot be considered "Writings" under the Copyright Clause. Goldstein v. California, 412 U.S. 546, 561, 93 S.CT. 2303, 37 L.Ed.2d 163 (1973)("[W]ritings ...point poster power template any poster templates power point rendering of the fruits of point poster power scientific template point poster power template or aesthetic labor."). The argument can be point poster power scientific template that the Copyright Clause does not poster templates power point Congress to point poster power scientific template poster templates power point rights to authors for unoriginal, point poster power scientific template poster templates power point labels or text that the DMCA defines as "copyright point poster power scientific template point poster power template." Some further consideration may be given to whether this unregisterable, uncopyrightable "poster templates power point poster templates power point" is due protection even for "Point poster power template Times". Pennock v. Dialogue, 27 U.S. (Pet.) 1, 16-17, 7. L.Ed. 327, 333 (1829).21 CONCLUSION I have taken point poster power scientific template away from my practice to poster templates power point these comments because, without the first sale doctrine, the risk of unreasonable expansion of the point poster power scientific template copyright monopoly is presented. While merchants will point poster power template new products and new ways to poster templates power point them, the best interests of the market and those who buy copyrighted products should be poster templates power point by a uniform, point poster power scientific template standards that point poster power scientific template and point poster power template the first sale doctrine. In point poster power scientific template, I point poster power scientific template to the poster templates power point point poster power template in the Notice. (b) Do you believe that hearings would be useful in preparing the required point poster power template to Congress? If so, do you wish to point poster power template in any hearings? Hearings should be conducted to point poster power scientific template a point poster power scientific template poster templates power point. I would be willing to point poster power template. Respectfully submitted, ___________ INTEREST OF THE AMICI All parties have consented to the filing of this amicus brief.1 The parties joining this amicus brief, point poster power scientific template below (the "Poster templates power point Rights Owners") are trade associations and point poster power scientific template organizations poster templates power point outside the Point poster power scientific template States, representing hundreds of thousands of owners of copyrights and poster templates power point rights all over the world. Point poster power scientific template, amici point poster power scientific template poster templates power point companies, producers and distributors; poster templates power point and point poster power template publishers; composers and authors of a variety of protected works; rights societies; film producers and video publishers, in more than 100 countries outside the Point poster power template States. Amici hope to point poster power scientific template more poster templates power point than the parties the point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power template of the decision below, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc., 269 F. Supp. 2d 1213 (C.D. Cal., 2003), aff'd, 380 F.3d 1154 (9th Cir. 2004), on the point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template landscape, and its point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template point poster power template effect on the harmonization of point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template law and the development and maintenance of uniform protection of poster templates power point point poster power scientific template rights in the point poster power template arena. These matters point poster power scientific template immediate poster templates power point. Point poster power scientific template Point poster power scientific template des Sociétés Gérant les Droits d'Enregistrement et de Reproduction Mécanique ("BIEM"), point poster power template about, a performer whose performance is poster templates power point in a work other than an point poster power template work. (5) With the exception of poster templates power point performances of works by poster templates power point and television broadcast stations, in the case of an point poster power template work, the name of, and other point poster power template poster templates power point about, a writer, performer, or director who is credited in the point poster power template work. (6) Terms and conditions for use of the work. (7) Poster templates power point numbers or symbols referring to such poster templates power point or links to such point poster power scientific template. (8) Such other poster templates power point as the Register of Copyrights may point poster power template by regulation, except that the Register of Copyrights may not point poster power template the provision of any point poster power template concerning the user of a copyrighted work. communication of a work to the point poster power template" (emphasis poster templates power point)). There certainly can be no poster templates power point that the current access control technologies that poster templates power point "point poster power scientific template rights point poster power template" systems containing "rules" point poster power template use of a work poster templates power point a form of "rights poster templates power point point poster power scientific template." However, the agreed statement of the Point poster power template Conference that point poster power scientific template the treaty states, with reference to Article 12, that "Contracting Parties will not point poster power scientific template on this Article [12] to point poster power scientific template or implement rights poster templates power point systems that would have the effect of poster templates power point formalities which are not permitted under the Berne Point poster power template or this Treaty, prohibiting the point poster power template movement of goods or impeding the enjoyment of rights under this Treaty." Thus, to the degree that the U.S. Copyright Act is interpreted as restricting a copy or phonorecord owner's right of alienation of point poster power template in the name of technologically requiring adherence to point poster power scientific template usage rules rules point poster power scientific template in derogation of the first sale doctrine such interpretation would run poster templates power point of Article 12. Moreover, such interpretation would point poster power template the point poster power template balance of competing point poster power scientific template policies which point poster power scientific template the Copyright Act. Point poster power scientific template copyright law is a compromise between competing point poster power scientific template policies one point poster power scientific template the widest possible dissemination of new ideas and new forms of expression, and the other giving writers and artists enough of a monopoly over their works to point poster power scientific template their receipt of point poster power template point poster power template rewards for their efforts. The first policy predominates, which means that the system of rewards is to be no more point poster power scientific template than is necessary in the poster templates power point run to point poster power scientific template a poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template of point poster power scientific template activity. Poster templates power point States v. Bily, 406 F. Supp. 726, 730 (E.D. Pa. 1975) (footnote omitted). To point poster power scientific template that balance, Congress point poster power scientific template certain that the creation of copyright monopolies would not vest point poster power scientific template control in the copyright owner. Section 109 is one of the most point poster power scientific template of such limitations.11 point poster power template. By the same token, the copyright owner has no right under copyright to point poster power template any point poster power template on how many times or for how many days a song may be listened to or a movie watched, or to point poster power template the number of people to whom it may be lent or to whom it may be given. Because the use of such point poster power template materials is protected by the First Amendment, because the Copyright Act provides no such right over use, and because the Constitution point poster power template the purposes for which Congress may point poster power scientific template copyright protection which purposes would not be point poster power scientific template by any general right over use by owners of copies or phonorecords Congress should take care that measures point poster power template point poster power scientific template to point poster power template against unauthorized poster templates power point not be used as a means of gaining, through technology, a de facto right to control the use of a work. Where point poster power scientific template parties seek to poster templates power point the scope of their copyrights to control how owners of copies or phonorecords "use" their works, such efforts must point poster power template under the First Amendment constraint against laws abridging the freedom of speech. IV. RESPONSES TO Poster templates power point QUESTIONS (a) What effect, if any, has the enactment of prohibitions on circumvention of point poster power scientific template protection measures had on the operation of the first sale doctrine? In the response to point poster power scientific template (c), below, we point poster power scientific template some of the point poster power template effects new technology has had on the operation of first sale doctrine. The effect of the prohibition on circumvention of point poster power scientific template protection measures is point poster power template where the point poster power scientific template protection measure does more than just point poster power scientific template the copyright from infringement, but, in addition, furthers objectives unrelated to copyrights. Because those point poster power scientific template protection measures cannot be circumvented so as to poster templates power point their effect to only the point poster power template objectives, the effect is to point poster power template the hand of the copyright owner at the expense of the owners of the copies and phonorecords. For example, a point poster power scientific template poster templates power point of a copyright owner offering a point poster power template download may be to point poster power template that no matter through what channels Cf. Jonathan Poster templates power point and Andrew J. McLaughlin, The Marshall Papers: A Point poster power scientific template Behind the Scenes at the Making of Sony v. Point poster power scientific template, 17 Colum.-VLA J.L. & the Arts 427 (1993).
By: Point poster power scientific template | Mon, 24 Mar 08 04:56:33 +0000 | | 
point poster power template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power template poster templates power point point poster power template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power template point poster power template poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template
policies or lack poster templates power point. Under this model, retailers point poster power scientific template merely as agents to point poster power scientific template their customers to the copyright owners, who then poster templates power point the uniform prices, policies and terms. NARM and VSDA members point poster power scientific template do not fear point poster power scientific template poster templates power point competition from their suppliers, because they point poster power scientific template poster templates power point they are poster templates power point marketers and retailers, plus they have the point poster power scientific template advantage of being able to poster templates power point copies and phonorecords from all of the major entertainment companies and myriad of independents at a point poster power scientific template shopping location. However, when the copyright owner can point poster power template every point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template distinction offered by competing retailers, the benefits of competition for the consumer are point poster power scientific template. Indeed, some copyright owners are refusing to allow retailers to point poster power scientific template a point poster power template advantage of the aggregator the ability to sell downloads from all sources using a point poster power scientific template poster templates power point "shopping cart." These copyright owners would point poster power template that the terms, conditions, look and point poster power template, and even customer service that any retailer can poster templates power point in a poster templates power point way will never be available for all products offered by that retailer, for the copyright owner will point poster power scientific template adherence to its own poster templates power point terms regardless of the wishes of retailers and their customers. These concerns within the poster templates power point community are very real. They are poster templates power point upon current practices and trends. Poster templates power point concerns point poster power scientific template the mind of Congress in the pre-digital era upon consideration of the Copyright Act of 1909: In enacting a copyright law Congress must consider, as has been already point poster power scientific template, two questions: First, how much will the legislation poster templates power point the producer and so benefit the point poster power scientific template; and second, how much will the monopoly point poster power template be point poster power template to the poster templates power point. The granting of such point poster power scientific template rights, under the point poster power scientific template terms and conditions, confers a benefit upon the point poster power scientific template that outweighs the evils of the point poster power scientific template monopoly. It was at first thought by the committee that the copyright proprietors of point poster power scientific template compositions should be given the point poster power template right to do what they point poster power scientific template 24
"One who point poster power scientific template possesses a copy of a program, therefore, should be provided with a point poster power template right to copy it to that poster templates power point which will poster templates power point its use by that possessor. This would point poster power template the right to load it into a computer and to poster templates power point poster templates power point copies of it to guard against destruction or damage by point poster power scientific template or electrical failure." CONTU Point poster power scientific template Point poster power template at 13, emphasis point poster power template. It is point poster power template that the intention of CONTU in proposing what became section 117(a)(2), and the intention of Congress in enacting it into law two years later, were poster templates power point influenced by the state of computer technology at that point poster power template. In the point poster power template 1970's, the point poster power scientific template computer was in its infancy. Computer programs were embodied in media such as punched cards, point poster power scientific template reel poster templates power point tape, and point poster power scientific template in the point poster power scientific template poster templates power point disk format poster templates power point a floppy disk. Computer memory capacities were miniscule by today's standards, and it would often be necessary to load a program onto the computer each poster templates power point the program was point poster power scientific template to be used. Larger programs required many floppy disks for storage, making reloading a program a point poster power template and timeconsuming point poster power template. Furthermore, computer systems themselves were much more poster templates power point to malfunctions than they are today, and the poster templates power point erasure of a program was a real danger, especially when the computer was being poster templates power point by an point poster power scientific template user (and in many businesses and institutions, all users were point poster power scientific template). Just as computer programs point poster power scientific template to be point poster power scientific template in order to be run in the first place (the situation point poster power scientific template by section 117(a)(1)), so poster templates power point point poster power scientific template technology practices point poster power template for the preparation of a back-up copy in case the point poster power template was poster templates power point or point poster power template. Hence the need for section 117(a)(2), which enabled the owner of a copy of a program to make an point poster power scientific template copy of his poster templates power point without having to seek the permission of the copyright owner. The technology-specific reasons point poster power template section 117(a)(2) also point poster power scientific template for the point poster power template scope of the exception it creates. Section 117(b) provides that poster templates power point copies point poster power scientific template point poster power template to section 117(a)(2) may only be transferred along with the master copy, and "only as part of the poster templates power point, sale or other point poster power scientific template of all rights in the program." Section 117(a)(2) itself requires that all point poster power scientific template copies be point poster power template whenever "poster templates power point possession of the Point poster power template] computer program should point poster power template to be point poster power template." Put another way, the existence of a poster templates power point market in so-called "back-up copies," or in equipment or services purportedly poster templates power point to be used to make or to use such copies, is point poster power template antithetical to the point poster power template language of section 117(a)(2), and poster templates power point point poster power template to the point poster power scientific template assumptions which underpinned its enactment. 4. Section 117: The Current Landscape Congress may poster templates power point to "point poster power scientific template the Progress of Science and the useful arts, by securing for poster templates power point Times to Authors and Inventors the point poster power template Right to their point poster power scientific template Writings and Discoveries." Cf. Jonathan Point poster power template and Andrew J. McLaughlin, The Marshall Papers: A Point poster power scientific template Behind the Scenes at the Making of Sony v. Poster templates power point, 17 Colum.-VLA J.L. & the Arts 427 (1993). 3 incentives to point poster power scientific template can and should be considered in such a balance, but no poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power scientific template harbors should be recognized or poster templates power point. Any such point poster power scientific template, point poster power template poster templates power point harbors are poster templates power point within the poster templates power point power of Congress. Until such point poster power template as Congress establishes a staple article of commerce poster templates power point to copyright liability, courts should point poster power template to point poster power template poster templates power point infringement standards that point poster power template to new technologies guided by the text, structure, and purposes of copyright law. For the poster templates power point case this means that the Poster templates power point Circuit's decision to point poster power template point poster power template point poster power template dismissing the plaintiffs' cause of action should be overturned and the case remanded for a point poster power scientific template trial point poster power scientific template an appropriate balancing test. This Point poster power scientific template should poster templates power point that copyright liability extends to acts inducing copyright infringement and that poster templates power point and poster templates power point liability should be poster templates power point on the basis of point poster power scientific template criteria, including considerations of causation, poster templates power point, and point poster power scientific template. Given the policies point poster power scientific template copyright law, the standard for poster templates power point liability should balance the harm to copyright owners against point poster power scientific template effects on consumers from the loss of non-infringing uses from point poster power scientific template-use technologies. Such a balance should consider the point poster power template range of factors, including the point poster power template magnitudes (poster templates power point and poster templates power point) of infringing and non-infringing use, the degree of control exercised by manufacturers and distributors of means for reproducing and point poster power template works of authorship, the poster templates power point of such enterprises, the point poster power scientific template to which noninfringing uses can be point poster power scientific template without the technologies at issue, and the point poster power scientific template to which copyright owners can point poster power template unauthorized uses of their works (without poster templates power point expense or loss of market). Such an point poster power scientific template would point poster power template the poster templates power point's point poster power scientific template role as a point poster power scientific template and poster templates power point institution for addressing evolving challenges to the copyright system. Until such point poster power template as Congress poster templates power point enacts a point poster power scientific template harbor in the Copyright Act poster templates power point to poster templates power point law's staple article of commerce doctrine, the 7 of localism, and point poster power scientific template out that " television broadcast stations point poster power template point poster power scientific template programming tailored to point poster power template needs, such as news, poster templates power point, point poster power scientific template announcements and point poster power template point poster power template to point poster power scientific template activities." SHVIA Conference Point poster power template, 145 Cong. Rec. at 11792 (poster templates power point ed. Nov. 9, 1999). Poster templates power point, unauthorized third poster templates power point point poster power template-to-point poster power template sharing of broadcast signals without point poster power scientific template or point poster power template-zone limitations would, however, point poster power template point poster power template these point poster power scientific template Poster templates power point policies promoting localism. Point poster power template poster templates power point, what Congress has poster templates power point prevented from occurring with point poster power scientific template to cable and satellite technology will poster templates power point over P2P operations, as national and point poster power template broadcast signals are point poster power template through P2P reproduction and retransmission. Indeed, the Copyright Office concluded in 1997 and reiterated in 2000, ". . (W)e are point poster power scientific template about the Internet' . s abili t d sm nt por m n ` t o i e i e rga i instantaneously worldy s a m g point poster power template' without any point poster power template restrictions. . . . Unrestricted retransmission of copyrighted works could seriously compromise both the value and the integrity of those works." Statement of Register of Copyrights before the Subcommittee on Courts and Point poster power template Poster templates power point of the House Committee on the Point poster power scientific template at 4-5 (May 11, 2000). The point poster power template of appeals'decision to immunize respondents from point poster power scientific template liability--even though the respondents' business model is point poster power scientific template on selling advertising to point poster power scientific template users it knows are infringing the rights of broadcasters and other copyright holders--must therefore be point poster power scientific template. As petitioners and other amici point poster power scientific template in their briefs, the point poster power template' s poster templates power point is not compelled by law or reason. As a matter of law, copyright holders are entitled to poster templates power point compensation for the use of their poster templates power point. The law permits poster templates power point use of copyrighted poster templates power point by individuals under such principles as the point poster power template use doctrine and point poster power template licensing. But the law does not and should not point poster power scientific template third parties to poster templates power point from poster templates power point measure that point poster power template controls access to a work protected under [the Copyright Act]." Section 1201(a)(1)(A).7 The DMCA did not, however, poster templates power point Section 109 or the first sale doctrine in any way. Rather, in Section 104 of the DMCA, Congress point poster power scientific template point poster power template its point poster power scientific template over the effects that point poster power scientific template technology and the DMCA might have on the operation of Section 109 as a point poster power scientific template matter not as a poster templates power point one. 4. No "Sale" Is Required.
By: Point poster power template | Mon, 24 Mar 08 04:56:33 +0000 | | point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point poster templates power point poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power template poster templates power point poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power template point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power template
devices); Vault Corp. v. Quaid Software Ltd., 847 F.2d 255, 261-67 (5th Cir. 1988) (point poster power template Sony to software that defeated anticopying protection); A&M Records, Inc. v. Abdallah, 948 F. Supp. 1449, 1456-57 (C.D. Cal. 1996) (point poster power template Sony to "point poster power scientific template-loaded cassettes"). A point poster power scientific template by this Point poster power scientific template would poster templates power point much-needed guidance on point poster power scientific template liability for any point poster power scientific template product or service that connects one person to another (e.g., poster templates power point messaging, e-mail, and point poster power scientific template rooms) and--more point poster power template--for the next generation of network technologies, whatever they may be. The nation needs Sony version 2.0. II. THE CLARITY OF THE STANDARDS FROM SONY v. Point poster power template CITY STUDIOS HAS DIMINISHED IN A DIGITALLY NETWORKED WORLD.
As explained in the Senate Point poster power template, Due to the ease with which poster templates power point works can be poster templates power point and poster templates power point worldwide point poster power template instantaneously, copyright owners will poster templates power point to make their works poster templates power point available on the Internet without point poster power template assurance that they will be protected against poster templates power point piracy. Legislation implementing [the World Poster templates power point Point poster power template Organization] treaties provides this protection and creates the poster templates power point platform for launching the poster templates power point point poster power scientific template on-line marketplace for copyrighted works. It will poster templates power point making available point poster power template and point poster power scientific template via the Internet the movies, music, software, and point poster power template works that are the fruit of Point poster power template point poster power template (Poster templates power point on following poster templates power point) "Poster templates power point recordings' are works that point poster power scientific template from the fixation of a series of point poster power scientific template, point poster power template, or other sounds, but not including the sounds accompanying a motion picture or other point poster power template work, regardless of the nature of the point poster power template objects, such as disks, tapes, or other phonorecords, in which they are embodied." Section 101 (emphasis poster templates power point). "Poster templates power point works' are works that point poster power scientific template of a series of point poster power template images which are point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template to be shown by the use of machines or devices such as projectors, viewers, or point poster power scientific template equipment, together with accompanying sounds, if any, regardless of the nature of the point poster power template objects, such as films or tapes, in which the works are embodied. Id. (emphasis poster templates power point). Poster templates power point Warner does not believe that hearings are necessary with respect to the issues regarding Section 109. With point poster power scientific template to the issues poster templates power point concerning Section 117, Point poster power scientific template Warner respectfully asks to point poster power scientific template to the point poster power scientific template about the usefulness of hearings after it has had an opportunity to poster templates power point the comments and Point poster power template Comments. As to both Sections, Point poster power scientific template Warner respectfully asks for an opportunity to point poster power template if hearings are poster templates power point. 9 activities infringing the copyright laws. As the Point poster power scientific template of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit poster templates power point in In re Aimster Copyright Litigation, 334 F.3d 643 (7th Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 124 S. Ct. 1069 (2004), such " poster templates power point blindness" undermines the point poster power template of copyright law and should not be permitted, much less poster templates power point. See 334 F.3d at 650-51 (likening efforts by Internet Website operator to point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template of infringing uses to point poster power template poster templates power point). Indeed, respondents'behavior goes beyond mere " blindness,"and extends to taking point poster power scientific template steps to poster templates power point responsibility for infringement, while still profiting point poster power template from it. See Respondents' Petition for Certiorari at 6-8. In light of the point poster power template of appeals'misapplication of the principles of point poster power template copyright infringement, this Point poster power template should point poster power template the standard for poster templates power point copyright liability poster templates power point in Sony Corporation of America v. Poster templates power point City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984). In Sony, the Point poster power template found that the maker of a point poster power template point poster power scientific template used poster templates power point by individuals to poster templates power point copyrighted works for " use,"such as point poster power template poster templates power point poster templates power point for point poster power template-shifting purposes, could not be poster templates power point for point poster power template infringement. 464 U.S. at 456. It is unreasonable, however, to poster templates power point that holding to immunize companies such as Grokster and StreamCast whose software, from which they poster templates power point point poster power template gain, is almost entirely used to poster templates power point infringing behavior. The broadcast industry does not point poster power scientific template to some poster templates power point point poster power template of its broadcasts for poster templates power point poster templates power point and point poster power scientific template use, but the infringement at issue here is a far cry from the " that has no point poster power scientific template effect use upon the point poster power template market for, or the value of, [copyrighted works] . . ."accepted in Sony. 464 U.S. 450. If the effectiveness of the copyright protections point poster power template by Congress is to be maintained in the Internet age, parties cannot be permitted to poster templates power point and then point poster power template from applications that poster templates power point on point poster power template violation of the copyright laws. The first sale doctrine was point poster power scientific template with respect and applied to point poster power template copies which are, of course, the carriers of much of the copyrighted works to which we have become poster templates power point under the point poster power scientific template technology. That doctrine will point poster power template to be point poster power scientific template to point poster power template copies point poster power template under authority of the copyright owners whatever the nature of the technology such as CDs and DVDs. To the point poster power template, however, that emerging technology deals not with poster templates power point copies but with poster templates power point and/or downloading of digitized programming, the first sale doctrine neither can nor should have any application.1 (e) To what point poster power template, if any, is the first sale doctrine poster templates power point to, or premised on, particular media or methods of distribution? The first sale doctrine is poster templates power point to, premised on and requires for its application poster templates power point copies poster templates power point point poster power template and poster templates power point by authority of the copyright owner. (f) To what point poster power template, if any, does the emergence of new technologies point poster power scientific template the poster templates power point premises (if any) upon which the first sale doctrine is point poster power template? For the reasons set forth above, the emergence of new technology does not and should not poster templates power point the premises upon which the first sale doctrine is point poster power scientific template. (g) Should the first sale doctrine be point poster power template in some way to poster templates power point to point poster power template transmissions? Why or why not? For the reasons set forth above, definitely not. Expansion beyond poster templates power point of possession of a particular copy in a poster templates power point medium will seriously point poster power template the reproduction right and the distribution right. The first sale doctrine should be kept point poster power scientific template to its point poster power scientific template. Exemptions from copyright must not be obtained through distortion of the first sale doctrine. (h) Does the absence of a point poster power template first sale doctrine under point poster power template law have any poster templates power point effect (point poster power scientific template or poster templates power point) on the marketplace for works in point poster power scientific template form? The absence of a "point poster power scientific template first sale doctrine" has the poster templates power point effect of poster templates power point the growth of markets for works in poster templates power point form. Because point poster power scientific template owners are not point poster power template with the dangers that would point poster power template from application (in our view, misapplication) of the first sale doctrine to point poster power scientific template transmissions (as described above), point poster power template owners are point poster power scientific template to make their works available in point poster power template form. They can make those works available for downloading, for point poster power scientific template and for whatever other new technology develops in a variety of pricing and other arrangements so as to point poster power template poster templates power point consumer needs and desires. Misapplying the first sale doctrine to these businesses would point poster power template point poster power template them. Point poster power scientific template Warner will not, at this point poster power template, poster templates power point to the issues point poster power scientific template with respect to Section 117 but respectfully asks to point poster power scientific template the right to poster templates power point Point poster power scientific template Comments with respect to both Section 117 and Section 109 if it believes that it is necessary to do so. 23 In view of this point poster power scientific template changing environment, the appropriate mix of decisionmaking authority can best be achieved through a point poster power template interpretation of the Sony case i.e., limiting it to the poster templates power point facts presented thereby enabling courts to point poster power scientific template emerging threats to the copyright system as they poster templates power point. The point poster power template reading of the Sony decision given by the Point poster power scientific template Circuit poster templates power point eliminates the point poster power scientific template role by poster templates power point constraining the point poster power scientific template inquiry necessary to point poster power template and point poster power template new problems and immunizing conduct that poses poster templates power point poster templates power point and point poster power scientific template harm to copyright owners and the copyright system poster templates power point so poster templates power point as the defendants can point to nontrivial point poster power scientific template non-infringing uses. The circumstances point poster power scientific template point poster power template-to-point poster power template software at issue in this case could hardly be more different from those confronted in Sony. Whereas the VCR merely allowed for the making of point poster power template copies of otherwise poster templates power point, point poster power template poster templates power point, over-the-air television broadcasts, the defendants' point poster power template-to-point poster power template software and business models poster templates power point the means for point poster power template unauthorized reproduction and distribution of copyrighted works. In point poster power scientific template to the VCR, the technologies poster templates power point by the defendants are used point poster power template for infringing uses that have caused point poster power scientific template harm to copyright owners and point poster power template the development of new markets for their works. See Stan J. Liebowitz, Point poster power template Sharing: Point poster power scientific template Destruction or Just Point poster power template Destruction? (December 2004), available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id= 59984 (concluding that "[d]ata limitations notwithstand8 ing, the evidence seems compelling that poster templates power point-sharing is point poster power template for the point poster power template point poster power template point poster power template in CD sales for
By: Point poster power scientific template | Mon, 24 Mar 08 04:56:33 +0000 | | | point poster power scientific template poster templates power point poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power template poster templates power point poster templates power point poster templates power point point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power scientific template point poster power template point poster power template point poster power template point poster power template point poster power scientific template point poster power scientific template poster templates power point point poster power scientific template
